Vitamins and minerals
A
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Maintains the integrity and function of the skin and other surface tissues such as the lining of the lungs, gut and bladder. Helps night vision and supports the immune system. (Gilbert, Community Eye Health, 2013)
B1
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Contributes to the conversion of glucose into energy. Long-term deficiency causes brain pain and cognitive impairment. (Martel et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
B12
Vitamin B12
Essential for DNA synthesis and energy production. Participates in the formation of red blood cells, protects the health of the brain, eyesight and bones. (O'Leary et al, Nurtients, 2010)
B2
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
It participates in the metabolism of macronutrients, has an antioxidant action (Peechakara et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
B3
Vitamin B3 (Niacin or vitamin PP)
Prevention of pellagra, an essential role in ensuring proper functioning of the nervous system (Djadjo et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
B5
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid)
Precursor of coenzyme CoA, a substance that plays a role in numerous biological processes such as cell growth and neurotransmitter synthesis (Sanvictores et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
B6
Vitamin B6
Involved in the metabolism of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. It participates in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and keeps the immune system healthy. (Abosamak et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
B8
Vitamin B8 (Biotin)
Useful in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, plays a precious role in preserving the integrity of the skin, nails and hair (Bistas et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
B9
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Fundamental for pregnant women, it plays an essential role in the synthesis of DNA and the maturation of red blood cells (Merrell et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
C
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Antioxidant, protects the body from toxin damage and pollution. It strengthens the immune system and collaborates in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, including serotonin, to maintain the mood. It is essential in tissue repair processes and contributes to the production of collagen. (Chambial et al, Indian J Clin Biochem., 2013)
D
Vitamin D
Protects bone and brain health, regulates the production of neurotransmitters. Strengthens the immune system, helps prevent flu and colds, is anticancer. (Zmijewski et al, Int J Mol, 2019)
E
Vitamin E
Powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, stimulates the body's defenses against external threats, supports the immune system. Promotes cardiac function and is anticancer. It protects the brain from degeneration. (Rizvi et al, SQUMJ, 2014)
K
Vitamin K
Indispensable for the synthesis of proteins responsible for blood coagulation. Recent research links a vitamin K deficiency to the risk of osteoporosis. (Imbrescia et al, StatPearls, 2020)
B
Boron
Essential for strengthening bones, it supports healing processes, improves the body's use of vitamin D and the absorption of magnesium, counteracts inflammation, improves reasoning and short-term memory (Pizzorno et al, Integr Med, 2015)
Ca
Calcium
Essential for bone integrity, for proper heart function and for muscle contraction (Drake et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)
Cu
Copper
Important for the functioning of various proteins, it participates in energy metabolism and the formation of red blood cells, has an antioxidant action (Hordyjewska et al, Biometals, 2014)
F
Fluoride
Useful in preventing tooth decay (Kanduti et al, Mater Sociomed, 2016)
I
Iodine
Regulates the functions of the thyroid gland, supports metabolism. In some periods of life, such as in childhood, it helps the brain since it stimulates neuroplasticity (Choudhry et al, Food Sci Nutr, 2018)
Fe
Iron
It participates in several biological processes, including oxygen transport and DNA synthesis (Abbaspour et al, J Res Med Sci, 2014)
Mg
Magnesium
Involved in more than 300 enzymatic processes in our body, necessary, among other puroposes, for the functioning of muscles and nerves, for the synthesis of proteins, for the control of glucose and blood pressure, it takes part in the production of energy and in the synthesis of nucleic acid (Schwalfenberg et al, Scientifica, 2017)
Mn
Manganese
Involved in the synthesis and activation of different enzymes, in the regulation of glucose and lipids. It allows to accelerate the synthesis of proteins and improves the immune response (Longman et al, Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018)
Mo
Molybdenum
It allows the activity of some enzymes present in the body, such as sulphite oxidase, which is of great importance since it allows the metabolization of amino acids such as cysteine and methionine (Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients, National Academies Press (US), 2001)
P
Phosphorus
Component of bones, teeth, DNA and RNA, it participates in various biological processes such as the production and storage of energy, the regulation of enzymatic activity (Calvo et al, Adv Nutr, 2015)
K
Potassium
Central role in the transmission of nerve impulses, in the contraction of muscles and in the regulation of blood pressure (Lanham New et al, Adv Nutr, 2012)
Se
Selenium
It allows the action of different enzymes, antioxidant properties, useful for the proper functioning of the immune system (Kieliszek et al, Molecules, 2019)
Zn
Zinc
It participates in more than 100 enzymatic processes, facilitates the formation of proteins, involved in the healing of wounds, necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system and various hormones including insulin (Rabinovich et al, StatPearls Publishing, 2020)